Category: Textile

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Classification of Textile Fibre

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What is the Classification of textile fibre?

Textile Fibre:

A textile fibre is anything that is that raw material of yarn.To be useful in textile fibre must have some properties such as strength, length, elasticity, absorbency.

Fibre can be collected or created from different natural sources such as animal hair, insect cocoons as with silk worm and as well as semi-synthetic methods. The textile industry required several types of fibre according to their objectives. Various types of fibre found around the world collected from diversified sources such as byssus fibre, chiengora, qiviut, yak, rabbit, wool, lambswool, cashmere wool, mohair wool, camel hair, angora wool, lima wool, silk, coir, cotton, jute, bamboo, hemp, modal, sisal, ramie, lurex, acrylic etc.

classification of textile fibre

Flax Fibre

Classification of textile fibre:
There are generally two types of textile fibre:

  1. Natural fibre
  2. Synthetic/Manmade fibre

Natural fibre:

Natural fibre is that types of fibre which is produced naturally.Those produced from plants,animals and geological origin.

Natural fibre can be classified according to their origin as follows:

According vegetable origin:

  • Cotton
  • Jute
  • Linen/Flex
  • Hemp
  • Ramie
  • Sisal
  • Coir
  • Pine

According to Animal Origin:

  • Wool
  • Silk
  • Hair

According to Mineral Origin:

  • Asbestos
Synthetic/Manmade Fibre:

Synthetic fibres are produced by the polymerization of various monomers. It is made by the man for this reason, it is so called.

 Classification of manmade fibre:

Cellulosic:-

  • Rayon
  • Acetate
  • Triacetate

Non-cellulosic:

  • Nylon
  • Aramide
  • Polyester
  • Acrylic
  • Modacrylic
  • Spandex
  • Olefin
  • Vinyon

Protein:

  • Azlon

Rubber:

  • Rubber

Metallic:

  • Metal

Mineral:

  • Glass,Ceramic,Graphite

 

Written by

A.M. Amirul Islam (Washim)
E-mail: [email protected]
Cell : +8801929643301

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Objects of winding

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What are the objects of winding?

Winding

Winding is the process of transferring yarn or thread from one type of package to another to type of package. Winding is one of the most important operation in textile sector. It is mainly done in spinning mill. Rewinding is also an important operation in fabric manufacturing factory.

objects of winding

Winding of yarn

Types of winding

According to winding way:

There are basically two types of winding. They are

  1. Precision winding
  2. Non precision winding

Precision Winding

The winding process in which yarn is laid close together in a parallel or near parallel manner is called precision winding. Maximum amount of yarn storing is possible by this system.

Non precision Winding

The winding process by which yarn is laid in helix angled way so that the layers cross one another and give stability to the package is called non precision winding. These types of winding package are more stable than precision winding package.

According to package winding can be classified as:

  • Pirn winding
  • Pool winding
  • Cop winding
  • Cone winding
  • Cheese winding
  • Flanged winding

Objectives of winding

  1. To transfer yarn from one package to another package.
  2. To remove faults like hairiness, neps, slubs, foreign matters.
  3. Improve the quality of yarn.
  4. Reduce the end breakage.
  5. Improve productivity.
  6. To store the yarn in suitable package.
  7. To get required package of yarn.

Requirements of winding

  • Minimum fault
  • No damage of yarn
  • Easy unwinding
  • Suitable size and shape
  • Correct tension
  • Cheap cost of package

Faults during winding:

  • Breakage of yarn during winding
  • Variation of twist
  • Improper shaped winding
  • Dirty packages
  • Hairiness package
  • Poor unwinding
  • Softer or harder winding package in great rate etc.

By

Engineer Sheikh Nurja

B.Sc engineer of textile

Merchandiser at buying house

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Present Situation of Denim Business in Bangladesh

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Before discussing the Present Situation of Denim Business in Bangladesh let have some idea of global market trends of denim.

Global market trend of denim

Since the commencement, worldwide market of denim remains evergreen. Centuries ago, denim had a limited usage but with the versatility of its utility now the demand for denim is always sky high in the global market. Irrespective of any market condition, denim get ready acceptance to the consumers.

present situation of denim business in bangladesh

Nice Denim Dress

Present situation of denim business in Bangladesh

In 2013, three countries clearly stood out from the mass of jeans suppliers to the European Union: Turkey, Bangladesh and China. Together they supply two thirds (62%) of jeans imports in terms of value and 69% in terms of pairs of jeans. These three suppliers are followed by Pakistan and Tunisia, then trailed by Morocco and Cambodia fairly far behind.

primary suppliers of jeans

Primary Suppliers of Jeans

One of the significant differences in 2013 is that China ceded its place as prime supplier to the European Union, which it still occupied in 2012; it was overtaken not just by Turkey but also by Bangladesh. China, however, remains top-ranked in terms of numbers of pairs, with 142 million pairs of jeans exported to the European Union in 2013 Many other countries, Asian ones in particular, export jeans to the European Union. Some, like India, are on the wane while other suppliers like Cambodia or Vietnam are advancing rapidly.

top denim consumers

Top Denim Consumers

The export market of Denim

Bangladesh is the second largest exporter of denim after China; denim has been playing a significant role in our economic development over the last few years. Usually, denim is used for making stylish clothes for all the seasons. Most of the people of our country are familiar with denim. Usually, Bangladesh exports it to the European countries, including England, Russia, Norway, Italy, Poland, Germany, Romania, and many countries of Latin America, including Brazil, Argentina etc. Apart from USA and EU, the BD denim apparels are also shipped to African countries and Australia.

 In 2013, Bangladesh exported about 74 million pieces of denim apparel to the US market and around 140 million to Europe. The country was also the largest exporter of men’s jeans to Europe in 2013 with 89 million pieces compared to 65 million from China.

 Conclusion:

The global market for denim is projected to reach a mammoth sixty five billion dollars by 2015. Though United States were the major denim producer throughout the years  but now with the emergence of the Asia pacific countries like, China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh you can say denim is not any more an American product. So, to meet the demand of both requirements of our country as well as abroad country we should come forward to produce quality denim products.

By

Engineer Sheikh Nurja

B.Sc engineer of textile

Merchandiser at buying house

If you like this article please do not forget to share on facebook and put your valuable comments.

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Different Types of Button for Clothes

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Different types of button for clothes

Button

Buttons are one of the oldest and most widely used types of fastener. Buttons are generally consisting of a disk, ball, or dome-shaped fastener. They are generally attached to one piece of fabric and joined to another piece of fabric by being drawn through a hole or loop.

In modern fashion design buttons are used for both ornamentation and objective purpose. People started to use button from Bronze Age. Before Renaissance age buttons were used as ornamentation purpose only. After invention of buttonholes in the age of Renaissance, button became functional and 1830-1850 is considered as the golden age of buttons.

ornament button

Button is used as ornamentation purpose in fingerless mittens

Classification of buttons:

Depending on attachment way :

There are basic two types of button depending on how they are attached to a piece of material.

  1. Flat or sew-through (Hole button)
    1. Two hole button
    2. Four hole button
Flat button

Flat Button

Thread is making to pass through the holes and the material to bind the button in place. They are made to attach with fabric by machine and hand sew also.

2. Shank button

They have a connector to the back part of the button that is attached to the material with thread.

Shank button

Shank Button

3. Stud button or Snap button

They are mostly used in denim clothing such as jackets, pants etc. Fabric goes to the middle of the top and bottom part of snap button and they are attached by creating pressure.

picture of button shirt

Snap Button

Depending on raw materials

By which material buttons are made, depending on this factor there we will find different types of buttons. Here I am going to present some types name of them.

  1. Plastic button
  2. Seashell button
  3. Fabric button
  4. Coconut shell button
  5. Wooden button
  6. Pearl button
  7. Glass button
  8. Horn button
  9. Leather button
  10. Ceramic button
  11. Bakelite button
  12. Polymer clay button
  13. Vegetable ivory button etc.

By

Engineer Sheikh Nurja

B.Sc engineer of textile

Merchandiser at buying house

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Skypee: Merchandiser.nurja

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Some Important Textile Unit Conversion Factor

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Some Important Textile Unit Conversion Factor

During textile calculation we are in need of different unit conversion problem. Here I am presenting some important conversion factor which can be helpful for you.

 

1 meter = 1.09 yard
So, 1 yard = 1/1.09 meter
= 0.91 meter
1 Yard = 3 feet
1 Yard = 36 inch
1 Meter =1000 millimeter
1 Meter =100 Centimeter
1 Meter =1.09 Yard
1 Meter = 39.37 inch
1 Kilogram =1000 gram
1 Kilogram =2.204 pound
1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 inch = 0.3937 cm
1 inch =25.4 Millimeter
1 Centimeter = 10 Millimeter
So, 1 cm =1/2.54 inch
1 cm = 0.3937 inch
1 Decimeter = 10 Centimeter
1 Feet =0.3048 Meter
1 Feet =12 Inch
1 Mile =5280 Feet
1 Mile =1.6094 Kilometer
1 Pound 16 ounce
1 pound =453.6 gram
1 pound =7000 grain
So, 1 pound = 453.6/1000 kg
= 0.453 kg
So, 1 kg = 1/0.453 pound
= 2.2046 pound
1 Gram =0.0353 Ounce
1 Hank =840 yard
1 Lee =120 yard
1 ounce =28.35 gram
1 Acre = 43560 Square feet
1 Liter =1000 Milliliter
=1000 CC (Cubic centimeter)
1 Metric ton =1000 Kilogram
1 Metric ton =2204.62 Pound
1 oz = 28.35 gram
Some important textile unit conversion factor

Important Factor

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Fabric Consumption of a Basic Shirt

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Fabric consumption of a Basic Shirt

Determination of fabric consumption of any garments is not so difficult actually which problem we face during such types of calculation. we face many problem with equation during consumption calculation. Here , I am going to present for all of you simple way of consumption calculation of a basic shirt. I wish it will be beneficial for textile related persons.

Main features of a nice basic dress shirt

In other words dress shirt is known as formal shirt. Special features of dress shirt are as follows-

  • A dress shirt should have a formal collar
  • It will contain full sleeve with cuff
  • It will have full-length opening at the front from the collar to the hem
  • It will contain clean button and stiff collar and cuff

 

Fabric Consumption of a Basic Shirt

Dress Shirt

For evaluating Fabric consumption of a dress shirt at first we have to know about the basic parts of a dress shirt.

 Basic parts of dress shirt:

  • Main body
  • Yoke
  • Sleeve
  • Collar
  • Cuff
  • Pocket
  • Placket Box
  • Top center
Shirt front

Anatomy of a shirt front

Formula:

For evaluating fabric consumption nothing about formula .It’s all about calculation sense. If you know about the area calculation of a rectangle than I want to say that we also know about the calculation of fabric consumption.

To determine fabric consumption of any parts of a woven shirt, we have to take reading length and maximum width of this part . And then we have to multiply length with width to find out the area of fabric required of this part and other should be followed as unit terms.

Measurement of a basic shirt

Measurement of a basic shirt

 

Measurement of a basic shirt Measurement of a basic shirt

 

Let,

fabric width : 56”

Marker Width : 55”

So, Fabric required = 37614/55 inch

= 684 inch

= 684/36 yds/dz

= 19 yds/dz

So, Fabric consumption,

= 19 yds/dz+7%(wastage %)

= 19+7% of 19 yds/dz

= 19 + 1.33 yds/dz

= 19/12 yds/piece

= 1.58 yds/piece

 

In short cut way we can find out fabric consumption of a Dress shirt in following way:-

Calculation of fabric consumption of a Dress shirt

Calculation of fabric consumption of a Dress shirt

 Note : Short cut way of fabric consumption determination is not so accurate as elaborate way determination system.But it is easy and time saved way.

Conclusion: Consumption determination is a very important term in garments section. Thought fabric covers the greatest part of garments costing, so we should have better knowledge about fabric consumption determination.

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Flow chart of textile Processing

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Flow chart of textile Processing

Textile manufacturing process is consist of different types of manufacturing stages. Here presenting basic manufacturing process in a flow chart.

Flow chart of textile Processing

Flow chart of textile Processing

Textile fibers :

Fiber means any substance that have high length to width ratio. But textile fibre means any substance which have high length to width ratio with suitable charateristics for being processed into fabric

In a spinning mill from textile fibre yarn is made. Spinning from fibre to yarn is a very complex procedure. If we consider of yarn spinning process then we will see that there are two types of cotton yarn according to their manufacturing process. One is combed and another one is carded.

Textile Fibers

Textile Fibers

Yarn:

Yarn is a continuous strand which is made by natural or synthetic fibre or material twisted or laid together that can be made into a textile fabric. So, a continuous twisted strand of natural or synthetic fibres used in weaving or knitting to produce fabric. The yarn can be different types depending on which types of fibre is using.

Yarn may be divided into two groups according to their use:

  • Weaving yarn
  • Knitting yarn
Yarn

Yarn

Grey Fabric:

A cloth of flexible planar substance constructed from solutions, fibres, yarns in any combination. Textile fabrics can also be produced directly from webs of fibres by bonding fusing or interlocking to make non-woven fabrics and felts.

Grey fabric is the fabric before finishing such as dyeing, printing or any other finishing terms. Generally grey fabric is not ready to make garment.

gray fabrics

Gray Fabrics

Finished Fabrics:

Finished fabric is that fabric which we get after dyeing, printing or finishing process. Finished fabric is used to make garments.

We find finished fabric from dyeing section, printing section or finishing section.

Finished fabrics

Finished Fabrics

Garments:

It is the final step of textile processing. Garments section is also consist of some many section i.e. pattern making, cutting, sewing finishing etc.

Finished garments

Finished Garments

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Introduction to Textiles

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Introduction to Textiles

Textile :

Originally the word “textile” applied only to woven fabrics. But now this word is generally applied to fiber, yarn or fabrics or products made of fibers, yarns or fabrics.

The word textile originates from the Latin verb texere – to weave.

Textile fiber:

Fiber means any substance that have high length to width ratio. But textile fiber means any substance which have high length to width ratio with suitable characteristics for being processed into fabric. For being textile fiber some properties are very important to have i.e.

1. Primary Properties

  • High length to width ratio
  • Tenacity
  • Flexibility
  • Spinning quality/ spin ability
  • Uniformity

2. Secondary Properties

  • Physical Shape
  • Resiliency
  • Density
  • Flammability
  • Lusture
  • Color
  • Moisture regain
  • Elastic recovery

Classification of textile

If we observe than we will find that broadly we can divide textile in to four major categories according to the sources of materials from which textile is produced. These are:

  1. Animal textile
    • e. Wool, Silk
  1. Plant textile
    • Cotton, Flax, Jute
  1. Mineral textile
    • Asbestos, Glass fiber
  1. Synthetic textile
    • Nylon, Polyester, Acrylic

Yarn

Yarn is a continuous strand which is made by natural or synthetic fiber or material twisted or laid together that can be made into a textile fabric. So, a continuous twisted strand of natural or synthetic fibers used in weaving or knitting to produce fabric. The yarn can be different types depending on which types of fiber is using. It is the a very important raw material of textile.

Fabric

A cloth of flexible planar substance constructed from solutions, fibers, yarns in any combination. Textile fabrics can also be produced directly from webs of fibers by bonding fusing or interlocking to make non-woven fabrics and felts.

Introduction to textiles

Ready Fabric for Making Garment

           In textile , especially fabric is the fundamental component of a ready-made garment, because it is the basic raw material of a garment. So, to know the manufacturing sequence of fiber to fabric is very important. Present time is the time of quality product. It is impossible to maintain the quality of garment without proper knowledge of textile manufacturing i.e. fiber, yarn and fabrics.