Category: Introduction To Spinning

Ginning: Cotton Ginning, Process, Types, and Objectives

What is Ginning? To answer the question what is ginning? I would say, the process by which the fibers are separated from the seeds is called ginning. Human using cloth for the last seven thousand years. From the beginning, the cotton fiber is manually processed by hand until the 18th century. When automated cotton the processing machine was invented that time ginning process become so easy. Here we will discuss Ginning: Cotton Ginning, Process, Types, and Objectives.

It is one of the most important steps of the spinning process. After collecting seed cotton from the field, cotton moves to nearby gins for separation of lint, seed and any other foreign particles. The production of a typical gin is about 12 bale per hour (here 1 bale = 500 pounds). Earlier the ginning process is to be done by manually but right now for higher production, manufacturers use an automated machine with higher productivity. The machine is well known as a cotton ginning machine.

Simply to define ginning we can say that the process is used to get the cleaned cotton by separating or removing the seeds, dust or any other foreign particles. So that better cotton can be offered for the cotton spinning mills.

Objects of Ginning

• To make the fiber-free from seeds without gin-cut fiber.
• To ensure the best quality of cotton and get the fair price of cotton in the market.
• To be confident that fiber does not contain excess and unexpected seeds or any other particles.
• To make the spinning process easier and effective

Cotton Ginning Process

1. At first, the cotton is made to go through dryers to reduce moisture content.
2. Then the cotton is made to go through cleaning equipment to remove foreign particles or materials.
3. The cotton is then sent to the air conveyed to gin stands where revolving circular saws pull the lint from the saw teeth by air blasts or by rotating brushes.
4. The cotton is compressed into 500 pounds weigh contained bales.
5. Then the bales of cotton are shipped to the textile spinning mill for further processes.
6. To ensure better quality the overall process is monitored by a quality control team.

Modern Cotton Ginning Process

In an automatic modern ginning process of cotton, a modern machine is used. Before cotton arrives at the spinning mill to spin into thread and woven into the fabric, it makes the journey from field to bale. Cotton needs about five months to grow from a planted seed to a ready plant.

• The harvesting machine named cotton picker plucks fluffy seed cotton out of the plant’s boll and leave a trail of burrs and sticks behind.
• The machine empties the pulled cotton into a tractor-drawn buggy.
• The machine builds the seed cotton into a humongous rectangular block called a module.

A truck transports the module to the processing plant, which is known as a cotton gin. Once the cotton arrives at the processing plant, sticks and burrs are removed as well as any lingering debris and seeds. A truck dumps the module into a feeder, which moves the packed seed cotton into a dispenser.

The ground seed cotton falls onto a conveyor belt, which leads to the hot box, then the hotbox mixes the seed cotton with hot air, which allows the moisture to evaporate, making the seed cotton easier to clean.

• A machine called the Wad Buster breaks up the clumps of seed cotton by tossing it against a screen. Loose remains fall through the screen openings down a narrow chute.
• Then the seed cotton moves through a machine called the steady flow, which divides it equally between two processing lines.
• On each line, the seed cotton enters a Burr Machine, which grabs the seed cotton with a circular saw and swings it against metal bars

The centrifugal force shakes off the heavier debris. The seed cotton passes the machine through one pipe and the debris through another. A large auger transfers the debris to a waste drop and out of the plant. Then the seed cotton is ready for the final step of processing.

A network of pipes feeds a row of machines called Gin Stands. The gin stand separates the seed from the fluffy stuff, called the lint. Inside each stand are arranged horizontally, each separated by a steel rib. The saw teeth grab the seed cotton and pull the lint through the narrow gap between saw and rib. The seeds are too large to pass through, so it spins in front of the rib, then drops into a conveyor. The lint goes into a flue, which leads to the packaging area. And then use this cotton in the spinning mill to make the thread.

Types of Cotton Ginning

There are two basic types of Ginning you may find. These are:

• Saw Ginning
• Roller Ginning

Saw Ginning of Cotton

Rather than manual ginning, saw ginning is used which provides more clean cotton compared with manual or handheld separation process of seed from cotton.

Advantage of Cotton Saw Ginning

1. Saw ginned cotton is more uniform
2. Cotton is more clean than usual.

The Disadvantage of Cotton Saw Ginning

1. Possibility of fiber breakage due to draw up the fiber from the surface of the seed.
2. Increase neps
3. Increase short fiber content

Roller Ginning of Cotton

In the case of modern ginning, an automated roller is used in the ginning process of cotton. Nowadays this type of ginning technology is highly used for industrial purpose.

Advantage of Roller Ginning of Cotton

1. Fiber quality is better compared with saw ginned cotton.
2. High production because of the use of advanced technology in the ginning process.

The Disadvantage of Roller Ginning of Cotton

1. The moisture of seed mixes up with fiber in processing which causes cake cotton fault.

Faults in Ginning Process of Cotton

1. Gin-cut fiber
2. Crushed seeds
3. Neps formation
4. Too much wastage

Written by
Engineer Sheikh Nurja, and
Md. Nahian Mahmud Shaikat